Did you know that the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is the most frequently injured joint in the hand?
These injuries can significantly impair finger function, making everyday tasks challenging. Effective PIP joint correction is essential to restore mobility and enhance quality of life.
Today, we’re taking a closer look into various treatment options, from non-surgical methods to surgical interventions, as well as rehabilitation strategies and long-term care for optimal joint health.
Understanding PIP Joint Issues
The proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is a hinge joint that allows the fingers to bend and straighten. It plays a key role in gripping, typing, and handling small objects.
There are three common causes of PIP joint problems:
- Trauma and Injury
- Arthritis and Degeneration
- Finger Contractures and Soft Tissue Issues
Trauma and Injury
Sudden impact or excessive force can damage the PIP joint. A dislocation happens when the bones are forced out of place, often from sports or accidents.
Fractures may occur when a bone in the finger breaks, affecting the joint’s stability. Sprains can stretch or tear the ligaments that support the joint, leading to inflammation and pain. Without treatment, these injuries can lead to long-term stiffness and loss of function.
Arthritis and Degeneration
Arthritis can develop over time due to wear and tear or autoimmune conditions. Osteoarthritis breaks down the cartilage that cushions the joint, causing bones to rub together.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joint lining, leading to swelling and deformity. Both conditions make daily activities more difficult, as movement becomes limited and painful.
*While arthritis can cause joint stiffness and mobility issues, devices like the Digit Widget focus on rehabilitation rather than treating the underlying condition.
Finger Contractures and Soft Tissue Issues
Soft tissue conditions can cause the finger to curl into a fixed position. Dupuytren’s contracture forms thick bands under the skin, pulling the fingers inward.
Tendon imbalances from injury or disease can also lead to abnormal joint positioning. When the soft tissues tighten around the joint, motion becomes restricted, making finger joint restoration more challenging.
Non-Surgical Approaches for PIP Joint Correction
Many people with PIP joint problems can improve mobility without surgery. The most effective non-surgical options include:
- Physical Therapy and Exercises
- Splinting and Bracing
- Medication and Injections
Physical Therapy and Exercises
Regular movement is key to PIP joint rehabilitation. When the joint is stiff or painful, specific exercises can improve flexibility and prevent further damage.
Stretching routines help lengthen tight soft tissues, while strengthening exercises build the muscles that support the joint. A therapist may use heat or manual techniques to increase motion.
Hand therapy tools, like therapy putty or resistance bands, can help with gradual improvement. Sticking to a routine can improve long-term results.
Splinting and Bracing
A splint or brace can help realign the joint and reduce strain. Some splints hold the finger straight to prevent contractures, while others allow controlled movement.
Wearing a splint at night can prevent the joint from stiffening in a bent position. Bracing during activities can provide extra support, especially for those recovering from injury. These methods are most effective when used alongside therapy.
Medication and Injections
Pain and swelling can make movement difficult. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs can help, but stronger medications may be needed for persistent discomfort.
Corticosteroid injections can provide short-term relief by reducing inflammation. The treatments do not fix the underlying issue, but they can make therapy more effective by easing pain during movement. Doctors may recommend them when other treatments do not provide enough relief.
Corrective Joint Surgery: When Is It Necessary?
Surgery becomes an option when non-surgical treatments fail to restore function or relieve pain.
There are three primary surgical options for corrective joint surgery:
- Arthroplasty (Joint Replacement)
- Arthrodesis (Joint Fusion)
- Capsulectomy and Soft Tissue Release
Arthroplasty (Joint Replacement)
When the PIP joint is severely damaged, replacing it with an artificial implant can restore movement. This procedure is often used for arthritis patients who experience constant pain and stiffness.
The artificial joint helps improve flexibility while reducing discomfort. Recovery includes therapy to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve function. While the procedure can restore motion, the implant may wear down over time, requiring further treatment.
Arthrodesis (Joint Fusion)
Some cases require fusing the bones in a fixed position to stop pain. It’s often recommended when joint damage is severe and movement is no longer possible without discomfort.
While fusion eliminates flexibility, it can provide long-term relief and stability. People who choose this option may need to adjust how they use their hands for certain tasks.
Capsulectomy and Soft Tissue Release
Scar tissue and tight ligaments can limit movement, especially after an injury. A capsulectomy removes excess tissue that restricts joint motion.
Soft tissue release procedures loosen contracted tendons and ligaments to allow better flexibility. These options are often performed alongside therapy to support finger joint restoration and prevent stiffness from returning.
The Role of PIP Joint Rehabilitation in Recovery
After corrective joint surgery, the body needs time to heal, but movement should begin as soon as possible. Physical therapy focuses on gentle exercises that improve range of motion without causing strain.
Stretching helps loosen scar tissue, while strengthening exercises build support around the joint. Following a structured therapy plan can prevent stiffness and improve long-term function.
Manual Therapy Techniques
Some recovery methods require a hands-on approach. A therapist may use joint mobilization techniques to improve flexibility.
Massage and heat therapy can help loosen tight soft tissue, making movement easier. These techniques are especially helpful for people recovering from finger contracture, as they gradually increase range of motion.
Adaptive Tools and Strategies
Certain tools, like the Digit Widget can make everyday tasks easier during recovery. Soft grips, modified utensils, and padded gloves can reduce strain on the joint. Small changes in daily routines can support PIP joint rehabilitation and prevent setbacks.
Finger Joint Restoration
Whether through therapy, rehabilitation devices like the Digit Widget, or surgery, treatment options can help restore movement and reduce pain.
The Digit Widget may have a playful name, but it has helped thousands regain finger movement since 2002. Many patients facing severe PIP joint correction were told amputation or living with it were their only choices.
Unlike traditional splints, our device applies torque directly to the bone, reducing skin pressure and discomfort. This approach helps lengthen soft tissues, making surgery easier and minimizing scarring while improving mobility.
Get in touch today to find out more about helping your PIP joint issues.
